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Understanding the Surge in RSV Cases

Introduction:

"Winter is coming".


It looks like we are definitely headed into Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season. This is according to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) in South Africa that has reported a recent increase in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases. Understanding this virus and taking proactive steps to protect yourself and your loved ones is crucial. Let's delve into what RSV is, how it affects us, and what you can do to stay healthy.

 

What is RSV?

RSV is a common respiratory virus that can lead to bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in young children. It spreads easily through respiratory droplets and can cause severe illness, especially in infants and older adults.

 

What do the data show?

According to the NICD, the RSV season began in early February 2024. This season typically precedes the influenza season, and this year, the RSV-B subtype has been predominant. As of 21 April 2024, approximately 391 cases of RSV have been detected, representing a significant portion of respiratory infections in South Africa. By comparison, 108 cases of influenza and 94 cases of SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in that same period. This is particularly concerning for young children, as RSV is an important cause of bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract infections in this age group.


Number of positive RSV specimens by RSV subtype and province among patients admitted to public hospitals since 01 January 2024

Graphs showing positive RSV specimens in public hospitals in South Africa
Graphs showing positive RSV specimens in public hospitals in South Africa

Reference: Weekly Respiratory Pathogens Surveillance Report Week 16 (2024) [Internet]. National Institute for Communicable Diseases. 25 April 2024 [Date cited: 27 April 2024]. URL: https://www.nicd.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Resp_Path_Report_2024_16_20240425.pdf.



What Does This Mean for Me?

For parents and caregivers, it's essential to be aware of the increased risk during the RSV season, especially for young children. If your child shows symptoms of severe respiratory illness, such as difficulty breathing, persistent cough, or high fever, visit a medical doctor or go to the hospital promptly.

 

Potential warning signs of severe RSV Illness include the following:

  • Difficulty breathing

  • Persistent cough

  • High fever

  • Nasal flaring

  • Rapid breathing

  • Chest retractions

  • Decreased activity or irritability in infants


How Can I Prevent Myself and My Children from Getting Sick?

Here are some preventive measures you can take to reduce the risk of RSV infection:

  • Hand Hygiene: Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching potentially contaminated surfaces.

  • Respiratory Etiquette: Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing, and dispose of tissues properly.

  • Avoid Close Contact: Limit close contact with individuals who are sick, and maintain physical distance from others, particularly in crowded or enclosed spaces.

  • Isolate Sick Children: If your child shows symptoms of respiratory illness, keep them home from school or childcare until they recover to prevent spreading the virus to others.

  • Seek Medical Attention: If you or your child experience warning signs of severe illness, such as difficulty breathing, persistent cough, or high fever, seek medical care promptly. Early intervention can help prevent complications.


Additionally, it's important to note that antibiotics are not effective against viral illnesses like RSV. They should only be used after consultation with a medical doctor, as inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to antibiotic resistance.


By staying informed about RSV and implementing preventive measures, you can help protect yourself and your family from the risks associated with this virus. Remember to prioritize hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and seek medical attention if needed. Stay vigilant, stay safe, and take proactive steps to safeguard your health and well-being.



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